Cornelian-cherry
Cornus mas
Dogwood family (Cornaceae)
From the Caucasus to South Limburg
Bundles of yellow flowers of this endangered shrub have usually appeared by February, before its leaves have emerged. The shrub can remain in flower through to April. Young twigs are green. The little flowers are an important nectar- and pollen source for bees and other early flying insects. The elongated, cherry red, edible yet bitter drupes become conspicuous in September.
Cornus mas is a traditional garden plant, since Roman times it has spread throughout Europe and is still grown today. Ancient herbals state that unripe fruits can help alleviate diarrhoea. Today the fruits are still pickled in vinegar or made into jam.
The species is native to the Caucasus and spread via Turkey and southeast- and Central Europe to south Limburg. Wild specimens flower a few weeks later than the cultivated forms.
Read more.... »Present in:
Hortus Botanicus AmsterdamHortus Alkmaar
Historische Tuin Aalsmeer
Hortus botanicus Leiden
Botanische Tuinen Universiteit Utrecht
Trompenburg Tuinen en Arboretum
Botanische Tuin Arboretum Oudenbosch
Hortus botanicus Haren / Groningen
Arboretum Poort Bulten
Botanische Tuin De Kruidhof
Nederlands Openluchtmuseum
ARTIS
Themes
Crown jewel of the Holland Open Air Museum.
The small flowers are an important source of nectar and pollen early in the year for bees and other flying insects.
Until the 20th century many Dutch landscapes contained hawthorn and blackthorn hedgerows interspersed with yellow dogwood and other species, including trees such as ash, oak and willow, where many birds such as the warbler, lesser whitethroat, yellow bunting, linnet and hedge sparrow all like to nest.
In September yellow dogwood bears distinctive elongated red, cherry-like fruits, which are edible but sour. The taste and size depend on where they have grow. The fruits are pickled in vinegar or processed into jam. In Turkey they are used to make 'kizilcik', fruit pickled in vinegar in a wooden container, and 'iIserbet' a drink made from dogwood. In France it is used to make 'cornouille wine'.
De vruchten bevatten looistoffen. Wordt veel toegepast bij problemen met maag- en darmstelsel en bij koorts. Wordt ook toegepast bij de behandeling van cholera.
De geroosterde en verpoederde zaden van de kornoeljebes hebben een vanille-aroma. De zaden gemengd met echte koffiebonen zijn de smaakmaker van de 'Weense koffie'. De ´fez´ (Arabisch hoofddeksel') werd vroeger rood gekleurd met kornoeljesap.
Details
Description: | Shrub, up to 6 m. |
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Distributions: | Southwest asia, southeast and central europe and in the caucasus, north to the netherlands |
Habitat: | In deciduous forests and calcareous hillslope forests, thickets hedgerows, slopes, rocks and roadsides along sunken roads. |
Year cycle: | Perennial (polycarpic decidous) |
Hardiness: | -4 - 5 f (hardy - very cold winter) |
Flowering period: | Februari - maart |
Flower color: | Yellow |
Notes on flowers: | The flowers appear before the leaves; flowers emerge from the axils and are borne in umbels with four yellowish bracts |
Fruiting period: | Augustus - september |
Fruit color: | Red |
Notes on fruits: | Rode steenvrucht. |
At its best: | Februari - maart |
Sources
http://www.floron.nl/publicaties/rode-lijst-2012,http://www.drachtplanten.nl/,
https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/4399/i-Cornus-mas-i/Details,
http://wilde-planten.nl/gele%20kornoelje.htm,
www.floravannederland.nl/planten/gele_kornoelje,
https://pfaf.org/user/plant.aspx?latinname=Cornus+mas,
https://mens-en-gezondheid.infonu.nl/natuurgeneeswijze,
Geneeskrachtige planten - Nederlands Openlucht museum 2005, Dendrologie van de lage landen - Jan de Koning en Wim van den Broek, Heukels flora 13: pag. 449